{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "51fc55d1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Capstone 1 — Session 1: Data Import and Cleaning\n",
    "\n",
    "**Run timestamp:** `2026-02-19 01:49:22`\n",
    "\n",
    "## Goal\n",
    "- I inspected and validated the NSMES1988 dataset, documented structure/quality findings, and prepared the cleaned handoff file for the next capstone.\n",
    "- I also generated required export artifacts and captured evidence for rows, columns, dtypes, missingness, value ranges, and memory usage.\n",
    "\n",
    "## Inputs\n",
    "- `NSMES1988.csv`\n",
    "\n",
    "## Outputs\n",
    "- All exports go to `./outputs/` (and plots to `./outputs/plots/` when applicable)\n",
    "\n",
    "## Libraries (documented)\n",
    "- `pandas`: I used it for loading, profiling, validation checks, and CSV/JSON exports.\n",
    "\n",
    "## Key dataset note\n",
    "- `age` is encoded as **Age in years (divided by 10)** (e.g., `6.9` = 69 years)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ba6002f0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C?-T0 — Runtime setup (paths + output folders)\n",
    "I initialized paths and output folders in this setup block to keep the workflow reproducible."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "74bfbf52",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Capstone: 1 | Session: Session 1: Data Import and Cleaning\n",
      "Run timestamp: 2026-02-19 00:30:45\n",
      "Base directory: c:\\DEV_Projects\\SIMPLILEARN\\CAPSTONE_Applied_Data_Science_with _Python\\Incremental_Capstone\\Capstone 1\n",
      "Dataset path: c:\\DEV_Projects\\SIMPLILEARN\\CAPSTONE_Applied_Data_Science_with _Python\\Incremental_Capstone\\Capstone 1\\NSMES1988.csv\n",
      "Output directory: c:\\DEV_Projects\\SIMPLILEARN\\CAPSTONE_Applied_Data_Science_with _Python\\Incremental_Capstone\\Capstone 1\\outputs\n",
      "Plots directory: c:\\DEV_Projects\\SIMPLILEARN\\CAPSTONE_Applied_Data_Science_with _Python\\Incremental_Capstone\\Capstone 1\\outputs\\plots\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from pathlib import Path\n",
    "from datetime import datetime\n",
    "from urllib.parse import quote\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    from IPython.display import display\n",
    "except Exception:\n",
    "    def display(value):\n",
    "        print(value)\n",
    "\n",
    "CAPSTONE = 1\n",
    "SESSION_TITLE = 'Session 1: Data Import and Cleaning'\n",
    "IS_COLAB = 'google.colab' in __import__('sys').modules\n",
    "GITHUB_REPO_OWNER = 'FrancisBurnet'\n",
    "GITHUB_REPO_NAME = 'francisburnet'\n",
    "GITHUB_REPO_BRANCH = 'main'\n",
    "CAPSTONE_ROOT = Path('Incremental Capstones/Applied Data Science with Python/Capstone 1')\n",
    "DATASET_FILENAME = 'NSMES1988.csv'\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def build_raw_github_url(relative_path: Path) -> str:\n",
    "    encoded_path = quote(relative_path.as_posix(), safe='/')\n",
    "    return (\n",
    "        f\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/{GITHUB_REPO_OWNER}/{GITHUB_REPO_NAME}/\"\n",
    "        f\"{GITHUB_REPO_BRANCH}/{encoded_path}\"\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def resolve_capstone_dir() -> Path | None:\n",
    "    current = Path.cwd().resolve()\n",
    "    capstone_parts = CAPSTONE_ROOT.parts\n",
    "    for candidate in [current, *current.parents]:\n",
    "        if len(candidate.parts) >= len(capstone_parts) and candidate.parts[-len(capstone_parts):] == capstone_parts:\n",
    "            return candidate\n",
    "        nested_candidate = candidate / CAPSTONE_ROOT\n",
    "        if nested_candidate.exists():\n",
    "            return nested_candidate\n",
    "    return None\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "CAPSTONE_DIR = resolve_capstone_dir()\n",
    "DATASET_URL = build_raw_github_url(CAPSTONE_ROOT / DATASET_FILENAME)\n",
    "\n",
    "if CAPSTONE_DIR is not None:\n",
    "    BASE_DIR = CAPSTONE_DIR\n",
    "    OUTPUT_MODE = 'permanent capstone outputs'\n",
    "    OUTPUT_DISPLAY = (CAPSTONE_ROOT / 'outputs').as_posix()\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    BASE_DIR = Path('/content/capstone-1-runtime') if IS_COLAB else Path.cwd().resolve() / 'capstone-1-runtime'\n",
    "    OUTPUT_MODE = 'runtime scratch outputs'\n",
    "    OUTPUT_DISPLAY = BASE_DIR.name + '/outputs'\n",
    "\n",
    "OUTPUT_DIR = BASE_DIR / 'outputs'\n",
    "PLOTS_DIR = OUTPUT_DIR / 'plots'\n",
    "OUTPUT_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n",
    "PLOTS_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f'Capstone: {CAPSTONE} | {SESSION_TITLE}')\n",
    "print('Run timestamp:', datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))\n",
    "print('Dataset source:', DATASET_URL)\n",
    "print('Output mode:', OUTPUT_MODE)\n",
    "print('Output target:', OUTPUT_DISPLAY)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "79f6190f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C?-T1 — Imports I used\n",
    "I documented each import with why I used it and what it enabled in the analysis."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "65cf67e1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd  # DataFrames + CSV/JSON IO + analysis tables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1ed2c0f6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C?-T2 — Load dataset\n",
    "I loaded the capstone dataset using the required default filename."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2fadbd86",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Loaded: c:\\DEV_Projects\\SIMPLILEARN\\CAPSTONE_Applied_Data_Science_with _Python\\Incremental_Capstone\\Capstone 1\\NSMES1988.csv\n",
      "Shape: (4406, 19)\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>visits</th>\n",
       "      <th>nvisits</th>\n",
       "      <th>ovisits</th>\n",
       "      <th>novisits</th>\n",
       "      <th>emergency</th>\n",
       "      <th>hospital</th>\n",
       "      <th>health</th>\n",
       "      <th>chronic</th>\n",
       "      <th>adl</th>\n",
       "      <th>region</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "      <th>gender</th>\n",
       "      <th>married</th>\n",
       "      <th>school</th>\n",
       "      <th>income</th>\n",
       "      <th>employed</th>\n",
       "      <th>insurance</th>\n",
       "      <th>medicaid</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "      <td>6.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8810</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
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       "      <td>normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>other</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7478</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>poor</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>limited</td>\n",
       "      <td>other</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6532</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>poor</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>limited</td>\n",
       "      <td>other</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6588</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>average</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>limited</td>\n",
       "      <td>other</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6588</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
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       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Unnamed: 0  visits  nvisits  ovisits  novisits  emergency  hospital  \\\n",
       "0           1       5        0        0         0          0         1   \n",
       "1           2       1        0        2         0          2         0   \n",
       "2           3      13        0        0         0          3         3   \n",
       "3           4      16        0        5         0          1         1   \n",
       "4           5       3        0        0         0          0         0   \n",
       "\n",
       "    health  chronic      adl region  age  gender married  school  income  \\\n",
       "0  average        2   normal  other  6.9    male     yes       6  2.8810   \n",
       "1  average        2   normal  other  7.4  female     yes      10  2.7478   \n",
       "2     poor        4  limited  other  6.6  female      no      10  0.6532   \n",
       "3     poor        2  limited  other  7.6    male     yes       3  0.6588   \n",
       "4  average        2  limited  other  7.9  female     yes       6  0.6588   \n",
       "\n",
       "  employed insurance medicaid  \n",
       "0      yes       yes       no  \n",
       "1       no       yes       no  \n",
       "2       no        no      yes  \n",
       "3       no       yes       no  \n",
       "4       no       yes       no  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "DEFAULT_DATASET = 'NSMES1988.csv'\n",
    "\n",
    "if 'pd' not in globals():\n",
    "    import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "if 'display' not in globals():\n",
    "    try:\n",
    "        from IPython.display import display\n",
    "    except Exception:\n",
    "        def display(value):\n",
    "            print(value)\n",
    "\n",
    "if 'DATASET_URL' not in globals():\n",
    "    from pathlib import Path\n",
    "    from urllib.parse import quote\n",
    "    DATASET_URL = (\n",
    "        f\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FrancisBurnet/francisburnet/main/\"\n",
    "        f\"Incremental%20Capstones/Applied%20Data%20Science%20with%20Python/Capstone%201/{DEFAULT_DATASET}\"\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(DATASET_URL)\n",
    "\n",
    "print('Dataset source used:', DATASET_URL)\n",
    "print('Shape:', df.shape)\n",
    "display(df.head())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4ca8499b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C?-T3 — Validation checks\n",
    "- I confirmed expected columns exist\n",
    "- I confirmed key dtypes\n",
    "- I checked missing values\n",
    "\n",
    "**Results Capture:**\n",
    "- What I did: I validated expected columns, reviewed dtypes, and computed missing-value counts.\n",
    "- What I found: the raw dataset has shape `(4406, 19)`, all required columns are present, and missing values are zero across all fields.\n",
    "- Caveats: `Unnamed: 0` behaves like an index-like column and was removed in the cleaned export."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "7254f672",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Missing expected columns: []\n",
      "\n",
      "Dtypes:\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Unnamed: 0      int64\n",
       "visits          int64\n",
       "nvisits         int64\n",
       "ovisits         int64\n",
       "novisits        int64\n",
       "emergency       int64\n",
       "hospital        int64\n",
       "health            str\n",
       "chronic         int64\n",
       "adl               str\n",
       "region            str\n",
       "age           float64\n",
       "gender            str\n",
       "married           str\n",
       "school          int64\n",
       "income        float64\n",
       "employed          str\n",
       "insurance         str\n",
       "medicaid          str\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "Missing values (count):\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Unnamed: 0    0\n",
       "visits        0\n",
       "nvisits       0\n",
       "ovisits       0\n",
       "novisits      0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "expected_cols = [\n",
    "    \"Unnamed: 0\", \"visits\", \"nvisits\", \"ovisits\", \"novisits\", \"emergency\", \"hospital\",\n",
    "    \"health\", \"chronic\", \"adl\", \"region\", \"age\", \"gender\", \"married\",\n",
    "    \"school\", \"income\", \"employed\", \"insurance\", \"medicaid\"\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "missing_cols = [c for c in expected_cols if c not in df.columns]\n",
    "print(\"Missing expected columns:\", missing_cols)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\nDtypes:\")\n",
    "display(df.dtypes)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\nMissing values (count):\")\n",
    "na_counts = df.isna().sum().sort_values(ascending=False)\n",
    "display(na_counts[na_counts > 0] if (na_counts > 0).any() else na_counts.head())\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "84c91703",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C1-T4 — Inspection (rows/cols/dtypes) + basic profiling\n",
    "**PDF requirement:** Inspect the data and report details such as rows, columns, and data types.\n",
    "\n",
    "### What I completed\n",
    "- I profiled the dataset using `shape`, `columns`, `dtypes`, `info`, and numeric summaries.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Results Capture\n",
    "- `df.shape = (4406, 19)`.\n",
    "- I identified 11 numeric and 8 non-numeric columns.\n",
    "- I flagged `Unnamed: 0` as index-like and removed it in the final cleaned export.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Code evidence\n",
    "- The next cell shows the exact profiling code I ran."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "084f60ba",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Shape: (4406, 19)\n",
      "\n",
      "Columns:\n",
      "['Unnamed: 0', 'visits', 'nvisits', 'ovisits', 'novisits', 'emergency', 'hospital', 'health', 'chronic', 'adl', 'region', 'age', 'gender', 'married', 'school', 'income', 'employed', 'insurance', 'medicaid']\n",
      "\n",
      "Info:\n",
      "<class 'pandas.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 4406 entries, 0 to 4405\n",
      "Data columns (total 19 columns):\n",
      " #   Column      Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
      "---  ------      --------------  -----  \n",
      " 0   Unnamed: 0  4406 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 1   visits      4406 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 2   nvisits     4406 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 3   ovisits     4406 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 4   novisits    4406 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 5   emergency   4406 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 6   hospital    4406 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 7   health      4406 non-null   str    \n",
      " 8   chronic     4406 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 9   adl         4406 non-null   str    \n",
      " 10  region      4406 non-null   str    \n",
      " 11  age         4406 non-null   float64\n",
      " 12  gender      4406 non-null   str    \n",
      " 13  married     4406 non-null   str    \n",
      " 14  school      4406 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 15  income      4406 non-null   float64\n",
      " 16  employed    4406 non-null   str    \n",
      " 17  insurance   4406 non-null   str    \n",
      " 18  medicaid    4406 non-null   str    \n",
      "dtypes: float64(2), int64(9), str(8)\n",
      "memory usage: 654.1 KB\n",
      "\n",
      "Describe (numeric):\n"
     ]
    },
    {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>visits</th>\n",
       "      <th>nvisits</th>\n",
       "      <th>ovisits</th>\n",
       "      <th>novisits</th>\n",
       "      <th>emergency</th>\n",
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       "      <th>chronic</th>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>mean</th>\n",
       "      <td>2203.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.774399</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.618021</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750794</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.536087</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.263504</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.295960</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.541988</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.402406</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.290286</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.527132</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>std</th>\n",
       "      <td>1272.046972</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.759225</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.317056</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.652759</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.879506</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.703659</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746398</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.349632</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.633405</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.738736</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.924648</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>min</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.600000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.012500</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25%</th>\n",
       "      <td>1102.250000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.900000</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.912150</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>50%</th>\n",
       "      <td>2203.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.300000</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.698150</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75%</th>\n",
       "      <td>3304.750000</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.800000</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.172850</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>max</th>\n",
       "      <td>4406.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>89.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>104.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>141.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>155.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.900000</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>54.835100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        Unnamed: 0       visits      nvisits      ovisits     novisits  \\\n",
       "count  4406.000000  4406.000000  4406.000000  4406.000000  4406.000000   \n",
       "mean   2203.500000     5.774399     1.618021     0.750794     0.536087   \n",
       "std    1272.046972     6.759225     5.317056     3.652759     3.879506   \n",
       "min       1.000000     0.000000     0.000000     0.000000     0.000000   \n",
       "25%    1102.250000     1.000000     0.000000     0.000000     0.000000   \n",
       "50%    2203.500000     4.000000     0.000000     0.000000     0.000000   \n",
       "75%    3304.750000     8.000000     1.000000     0.000000     0.000000   \n",
       "max    4406.000000    89.000000   104.000000   141.000000   155.000000   \n",
       "\n",
       "         emergency     hospital      chronic          age       school  \\\n",
       "count  4406.000000  4406.000000  4406.000000  4406.000000  4406.000000   \n",
       "mean      0.263504     0.295960     1.541988     7.402406    10.290286   \n",
       "std       0.703659     0.746398     1.349632     0.633405     3.738736   \n",
       "min       0.000000     0.000000     0.000000     6.600000     0.000000   \n",
       "25%       0.000000     0.000000     1.000000     6.900000     8.000000   \n",
       "50%       0.000000     0.000000     1.000000     7.300000    11.000000   \n",
       "75%       0.000000     0.000000     2.000000     7.800000    12.000000   \n",
       "max      12.000000     8.000000     8.000000    10.900000    18.000000   \n",
       "\n",
       "            income  \n",
       "count  4406.000000  \n",
       "mean      2.527132  \n",
       "std       2.924648  \n",
       "min      -1.012500  \n",
       "25%       0.912150  \n",
       "50%       1.698150  \n",
       "75%       3.172850  \n",
       "max      54.835100  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "Head:\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>visits</th>\n",
       "      <th>nvisits</th>\n",
       "      <th>ovisits</th>\n",
       "      <th>novisits</th>\n",
       "      <th>emergency</th>\n",
       "      <th>hospital</th>\n",
       "      <th>health</th>\n",
       "      <th>chronic</th>\n",
       "      <th>adl</th>\n",
       "      <th>region</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "      <th>gender</th>\n",
       "      <th>married</th>\n",
       "      <th>school</th>\n",
       "      <th>income</th>\n",
       "      <th>employed</th>\n",
       "      <th>insurance</th>\n",
       "      <th>medicaid</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>6.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8810</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>average</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>other</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7478</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>poor</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>limited</td>\n",
       "      <td>other</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6532</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>poor</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>limited</td>\n",
       "      <td>other</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6588</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>average</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>limited</td>\n",
       "      <td>other</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6588</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Unnamed: 0  visits  nvisits  ovisits  novisits  emergency  hospital  \\\n",
       "0           1       5        0        0         0          0         1   \n",
       "1           2       1        0        2         0          2         0   \n",
       "2           3      13        0        0         0          3         3   \n",
       "3           4      16        0        5         0          1         1   \n",
       "4           5       3        0        0         0          0         0   \n",
       "\n",
       "    health  chronic      adl region  age  gender married  school  income  \\\n",
       "0  average        2   normal  other  6.9    male     yes       6  2.8810   \n",
       "1  average        2   normal  other  7.4  female     yes      10  2.7478   \n",
       "2     poor        4  limited  other  6.6  female      no      10  0.6532   \n",
       "3     poor        2  limited  other  7.6    male     yes       3  0.6588   \n",
       "4  average        2  limited  other  7.9  female     yes       6  0.6588   \n",
       "\n",
       "  employed insurance medicaid  \n",
       "0      yes       yes       no  \n",
       "1       no       yes       no  \n",
       "2       no        no      yes  \n",
       "3       no       yes       no  \n",
       "4       no       yes       no  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Inspection\n",
    "print(\"Shape:\", df.shape)\n",
    "print(\"\\nColumns:\")\n",
    "print(df.columns.tolist())\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\nInfo:\")\n",
    "df.info()\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\nDescribe (numeric):\")\n",
    "display(df.describe())\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\nHead:\")\n",
    "display(df.head())\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d193b513",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C1-T5 — Missing values + cleanliness check\n",
    "**PDF requirement:** Determine if the data is clean / identify missing values.\n",
    "\n",
    "### What I completed\n",
    "- I calculated missing counts and percentages for every column.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Results Capture\n",
    "- Missing-count output shows zero null values across all columns.\n",
    "- No missing-value treatment was required.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Code evidence\n",
    "- The next cell contains the exact missingness computation and table output."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "85207bdb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>missing_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>missing_pct</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>visits</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>nvisits</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>ovisits</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>novisits</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "            missing_count  missing_pct\n",
       "Unnamed: 0              0          0.0\n",
       "visits                  0          0.0\n",
       "nvisits                 0          0.0\n",
       "ovisits                 0          0.0\n",
       "novisits                0          0.0"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Missing values\n",
    "na_counts = df.isna().sum().sort_values(ascending=False)\n",
    "na_pct = (df.isna().mean() * 100).round(2)\n",
    "missing_summary = pd.DataFrame({\"missing_count\": na_counts, \"missing_pct\": na_pct})\n",
    "display(missing_summary[missing_summary[\"missing_count\"] > 0] if (missing_summary[\"missing_count\"] > 0).any() else missing_summary.head())\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1d5f197d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C1-T6 — Comment on age + income (datatype + range + meaning)\n",
    "**PDF requirement:** Comment on age and income: data type and values; determine range.\n",
    "\n",
    "### What I completed\n",
    "- I reviewed descriptive statistics for `age` and `income` and documented the encoded age interpretation.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Results Capture\n",
    "- `age` dtype=`float64`, range=`6.6` to `10.9` (years divided by 10).\n",
    "- `income` dtype=`float64`, range=`-1.0125` to `54.8351`.\n",
    "- Example interpretation: `age=6.9` corresponds to 69 years.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Code evidence\n",
    "- The next cell contains the column-level descriptive output used for this interpretation."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "e5f86ebf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "age dtype: float64\n",
      "count    4406.000000\n",
      "mean        7.402406\n",
      "std         0.633405\n",
      "min         6.600000\n",
      "25%         6.900000\n",
      "50%         7.300000\n",
      "75%         7.800000\n",
      "max        10.900000\n",
      "Name: age, dtype: float64\n",
      "\n",
      "income dtype: float64\n",
      "count    4406.000000\n",
      "mean        2.527132\n",
      "std         2.924648\n",
      "min        -1.012500\n",
      "25%         0.912150\n",
      "50%         1.698150\n",
      "75%         3.172850\n",
      "max        54.835100\n",
      "Name: income, dtype: float64\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Age + income notes\n",
    "for col in [\"age\", \"income\"]:\n",
    "    if col in df.columns:\n",
    "        print(f\"\\n{col} dtype:\", df[col].dtype)\n",
    "        print(df[col].describe())\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(f\"Column not found: {col}\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "90fed473",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C1-T7 — Export JSON and comment on format\n",
    "**PDF requirement:** Export the dataframe to JSON (NSMES1988.json) and comment on the JSON.\n",
    "\n",
    "### What I completed\n",
    "- I exported the dataset to JSON with `records` orientation and previewed a snippet for format confirmation.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Results Capture\n",
    "- Export path: `outputs/NSMES1988.json`; orientation: `records`.\n",
    "- The file is row-oriented and readable for downstream systems that expect object-per-record JSON.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Artifacts\n",
    "- `outputs/NSMES1988.json`\n",
    "\n",
    "### Code evidence\n",
    "- The next cell shows the export and snippet-preview code I executed."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "03eb9771",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Saved: c:\\DEV_Projects\\SIMPLILEARN\\CAPSTONE_Applied_Data_Science_with _Python\\Incremental_Capstone\\Capstone 1\\outputs\\NSMES1988.json\n",
      "\n",
      "JSON snippet (first 500 chars):\n",
      " [{\"Unnamed: 0\":1,\"visits\":5,\"nvisits\":0,\"ovisits\":0,\"novisits\":0,\"emergency\":0,\"hospital\":1,\"health\":\"average\",\"chronic\":2,\"adl\":\"normal\",\"region\":\"other\",\"age\":6.9,\"gender\":\"male\",\"married\":\"yes\",\"school\":6,\"income\":2.881,\"employed\":\"yes\",\"insurance\":\"yes\",\"medicaid\":\"no\"},{\"Unnamed: 0\":2,\"visits\":1,\"nvisits\":0,\"ovisits\":2,\"novisits\":0,\"emergency\":2,\"hospital\":0,\"health\":\"average\",\"chronic\":2,\"adl\":\"normal\",\"region\":\"other\",\"age\":7.4,\"gender\":\"female\",\"married\":\"yes\",\"school\":10,\"income\":2.7478\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Export JSON\n",
    "json_path = BASE_DIR / \"outputs\" / \"NSMES1988.json\"\n",
    "json_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "df.to_json(json_path, orient=\"records\")\n",
    "print(\"Saved:\", json_path)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Preview first ~500 chars\n",
    "with open(json_path, \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n",
    "    snippet = f.read(500)\n",
    "print(\"\\nJSON snippet (first 500 chars):\\n\", snippet)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2e55b2fc",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C1-T8 — Memory usage + dtype recommendations\n",
    "**PDF requirement:** Provide memory information and recommend non-default data type changes.\n",
    "\n",
    "### What I completed\n",
    "- I measured total dataframe memory and identified safe dtype optimization recommendations.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Results Capture\n",
    "- Total memory usage: `2,263,919` bytes (`2.159 MB`).\n",
    "- Recommended `category` candidates: `health`, `adl`, `region`, `gender`, `married`, `employed`, `insurance`, `medicaid`.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Code evidence\n",
    "- The next cell contains the memory computation and candidate dtype recommendation output."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "4c0b1deb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Total memory (bytes): 2263919\n",
      "Total memory (MB): 2.159\n",
      "Recommended category columns: ['health', 'adl', 'region', 'gender', 'married', 'employed', 'insurance', 'medicaid']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Memory usage\n",
    "mem = df.memory_usage(deep=True).sum()\n",
    "print(\"Total memory (bytes):\", mem)\n",
    "print(\"Total memory (MB):\", round(mem / (1024**2), 3))\n",
    "candidate_category = [c for c in [\"health\",\"adl\",\"region\",\"gender\",\"married\",\"employed\",\"insurance\",\"medicaid\"] if c in df.columns]\n",
    "print(\"Recommended category columns:\", candidate_category)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4406279a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C1-T9 — Export cleaned CSV for next capstone\n",
    "**PDF requirement:** Recommend dataframe changes and export cleaned dataframe as NSMES1988new.csv.\n",
    "\n",
    "### What I completed\n",
    "- I applied safe structural cleaning by removing the index-like column and exporting the cleaned dataframe.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Results Capture\n",
    "- Change applied: dropped `Unnamed: 0`.\n",
    "- Export file: `outputs/NSMES1988new.csv`; resulting shape: `(4406, 18)`.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Artifacts\n",
    "- `outputs/NSMES1988new.csv`\n",
    "\n",
    "### Code evidence\n",
    "- The next cell contains the exact cleaning and export code I ran."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "87f28deb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Dropped column: Unnamed: 0\n",
      "Saved: c:\\DEV_Projects\\SIMPLILEARN\\CAPSTONE_Applied_Data_Science_with _Python\\Incremental_Capstone\\Capstone 1\\outputs\\NSMES1988new.csv\n",
      "Shape: (4406, 18)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Apply safe cleaning for capstone handoff\n",
    "df_clean = df.copy()\n",
    "\n",
    "if \"Unnamed: 0\" in df_clean.columns:\n",
    "    df_clean = df_clean.drop(columns=[\"Unnamed: 0\"])\n",
    "    print(\"Dropped column: Unnamed: 0\")\n",
    "\n",
    "out_csv = BASE_DIR / \"outputs\" / \"NSMES1988new.csv\"\n",
    "out_csv.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "df_clean.to_csv(out_csv, index=False)\n",
    "print(\"Saved:\", out_csv)\n",
    "print(\"Shape:\", df_clean.shape)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ebf73468",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Final section — Conclusions (required)\n",
    "- I completed the full Capstone 1 workflow for import, profiling, cleaning checks, and documentation.\n",
    "- I confirmed the dataset is complete (no missing values) and documented age/income interpretation and ranges.\n",
    "- I produced required artifacts: `outputs/NSMES1988.json` and `outputs/NSMES1988new.csv`.\n",
    "- I updated `WORK_SUMMARY.md` with evidence and marked all tasks complete.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "3063249d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Capstone 1 completed: C1-T4 to C1-T9\n",
      "Artifacts: outputs/NSMES1988.json and outputs/NSMES1988new.csv\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Capstone 1 completed: C1-T4 to C1-T9\")\n",
    "print(\"Artifacts: outputs/NSMES1988.json and outputs/NSMES1988new.csv\")\n"
   ]
  }
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